all about virus and antivirus

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(source:www.softpedia.com )

trojan horse or horse troya or more knowledgeable as trojan in computer security refer to a software form suspicious looking (malicious software/malware) that can botch a system or network. aim from trojan is to get information from target (password, recorded user habit in system logarithm, data,  and others),  and restrain target (gets access right in target).

procedure

trojan differs from software kind suspicious looking another likes computer virus or worm because two matters :
1. "stealth" (invisible and is not see)ed in the operation and oftentimes formed impressing program be program  well, temporary computer virus or worm act aggresiveer with botch system or make system is crash.
2.  trojan controlleds from other computer(computer attacker).

distribution manner

trojan horse meant to insert codes suspicious looking and botch in a program well and useful; just as in war troya, soldiers sparta hid in horses troya that attributed as dedication to poseidon.
majority trojan in this time shaped a bundle that can be executed (. exe or . com in windows operating system and Dos or program by the name of often executed in operating system unix, like ls, cat,  and others) that putted into system at penetrated by a cracker to steal important data for user (password, credit card data,  and others). also can infected when does user download application (the frequently of shaped game computer).

detection and cleaning

detect trojan existence is an action rather difficult done. line of least resistance with see port which opened and being in conditon" listening" , by using utility certain a kind of netstat. this matter is caused by many trojans walks as a system service,  and work at background, so that trojans can get command from assailant from long distance. 
last way is by using an antivirus software, equiped ability to detect trojan that merged with firewalls that monitor every transmission in and out. this way is efficienter, but more expensive, because usually antivirus software merged with firewall has price more expensive, for the alternative you can use a free antivirus that designed to remove trojan horse.

Macro Virus

A "macro," in this context, refers to a small program generally used for automating frequent tasks. Many programs provide some form of scripting language, especially office suite software, such as Microsoft Word or StarOffice. Macro viruses are programs (generally actually worms, not viruses, say the security people) contained within a document and run automatically as part of opening this document. When run, the macro embeds itself in other documents, or otherwise infests the new target system. Some earlier viruses did nothing but spread themselves, or perhaps play a prank. One previous virus simply occasionally replaced words with "Wazoo!".

A macro virus is a computer virus that "infects" a Microsoft Word or similar application and causes a sequence of actions to be performed automatically when the application is started or something else triggers it. Macro viruses tend to be surprising but relatively harmless. A typical effect is the undesired insertion of some comic text at certain points when writing a line. A macro virus is often spread as an e-mail virus. A well-known example in March, 199What is a macro virus?

In response to these early macro viruses, virus software companies began introducing simple filters to scan documents and eliminate viruses before they caused considerable damage, which generally had not been necessary before. 9 was the Melissa virus virus.
The key to preventing damages from macro viruses is the tradeoff from usability to security. Empirically, macro viruses have done an amazing amount of damage, both directly and indirectly. The question is, what usability would we lose by closing these holes? The answer to this question is debated back and forth endlessly. After all, can we really expect end users to know what a macro is, or why they should execute it? In fact, this argument can be turned around. If we are concerned that some users may not be able to activate a macro when they should, why would we think they will know when they shouldn't? Given the huge costs inflicted on everyone by macro viruses, perhaps we should opt for the safer default.

It is interesting to observe that comparable attacks are not found for many other software suites. Market share may explain this difference, making Microsoft's products more obvious targets. But it seems as though there ought to be some problems with other products -- unless the other products are, in fact, more secure.

How to remove

1 ) Open your anti-virus program. If you do not have an anti-virus program, consider downloading Windows Defender or Sophos (see links under Resources). Windows Defender and Sophos are free anti-virus programs.

2 ) Update your anti-virus program. Most anti-virus programs include an "Update" or "Check for Updates" option. Updating your anti-virus is critical. New viruses are found everyday. Thus, if you updated your anti-virus program yesterday, and a new virus is found today, you will not be protected against it.

3 ) Run a full scan of your computer using your anti-virus program. Most anti-virus programs give you the option of running a full scan or a quick scan. A full scan will check your entire computer for viruses, whereas a quick scan only searches the areas where viruses are most likely to be found. If your anti-virus program does not detect and delete the Macro virus, continue to the next step.

Manual Removal

1 ) Press "Ctrl," "Alt" and "Delete."

2 ) Click on the "Task Manager," and then click on the "Processes" tab
.
3 ) End all of the processes associated with the Macro virus. To end a process, right-click on it and select  "End Process." To determine if a process is associated with the Macro virus, type the name of the process into the Process Library search box (see links under Resources).

4 ) Click on the "Start" menu, and then click on the "Search Programs and Files" box.

5 ) Search for and delete all of the files associated with the Macro virus. To delete a file, right-click on it and select "Delete." For a list of files associated with the Macro virus, type the name of the Macro virus into the 411-Spyware search box (see links under Resources). If you do not know the name of the Macro virus, you can type the name of suspicious files into the Filename search box to determine if they are associated with a known virus (see links under Resources)

Before network computer expansion, most viruses were spreaded through removable media, such as floppy disks. These viruses infected programs stored in the disks, while others were inputted into the disk boot sectors, and activated when the user booted the computer from the disk. The traditional and typical virus characteristics common to us now emerged in the 1980s, where there was an increase of BBS (Bulletin Board System, where a computer system runs software that allows users to dial into the system over a phone line), modem use, and software sharing. BBS contributed greatly to the rapid spread of Trojan horses, and viruses were orginally written to target popular software traders. Traders who were in a hurry to retrieve the lastest software were usually the easiest prey to infect viruses with.

The first PC virus was a boot sector virus named (c)Brain. Two brothers, Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi, whose only intentions were to protect their work from piracy and to target copyright infringers, programmed it. However, according to analysts, the Ashar virus, which was a variant of Brain, possibly was created before the (c)Brain.

The first computer virus to openly make it to the public was a program called “Elk Cloner”. It was created by Rich Skrenta, a computer programmer who was in high school when this virs was created in 1982. Elk Cloner attached itself to the Apple DOS 3.3 operating system and was later spreaded by a floppy disk. When the virus was created, it was intentionally made as a joke by the high school student, who inputted the virus into a game in which the virus was set off after the 50th time of using the game. When the virus was set off, a blank screen appeared and displayed a poem about the virus. The computer then became infected.

In the mid 1990s, macro viruses came into the scene and became common quickly. Ironically, some versions of Microsoft Word allowed the macro virus to multiply and gain additional blank lines. This can cause a misleading detection, as others would see the new strands of the macro virus as a new virus.

Viruses then began spreading via instant messaging. Typically, it sends a web address to everybody in the contact list, and anyone who so much as click on the link would be prone of an immediate infection. However, there are thousands and thousands of viruses operating online and new viruses are discovered every single day.